Footnotes to the Modern Introduction 1 Pehr Kalm, Kalm's account of his visit to England on his way to America in 1748, trans Joseph Lucas, 1892, pp. 192, 195; Blanche Henrey, British Horticultural and Botanical Literature before 1800, vol II, pp. 65-7. Please note that footnote references have not been made to The Country Housewife itself. 2 When he died he still had substantial mortgages on his land. Hertfordshire Archives, D/Els M137; Vicars Bell, Little Gaddesden, 1959, pp. 1-2; Kalm, pp. 191-2. See also Vicars Bell, To Meet Mr Ellis, 1956, for further information on the village and the man. 3 Kalm, pp. 188-342. 4 Kalm, pp. 104, 196-7. Like many a journalist, Ellis sometimes misinterpreted what he hurriedly extracted from his interviewees. Kalm complained that Ellis wrote that Laplanders were not plagued with scurvy because they ate salt fish whereas Kalm had told him the salt in their diet was a principal cause of scurvy. 5 Kalm, p. 191. 6 George Fussell, More Old English Farming Books, Aberdeen, 1978, pp. 11-12; Rothamstead Experimental Station, Library Catalogue, 1940, p. 53; Kalm, p. 187. 7 Ellis, Modern Husbandman, January, 1744, pp. 99-100; Ellis, Husbandry, Abridged and Methodized, 1772, Preface by the Editor. 8Ellis' Husbandry, Abridged, 1772, Preface. 9Kalm, p. 188. 10 Kalm, p. 187. 11 Ellis, London and Country Brewer, 1759, p. 249. 12 Malcolm Thick, 'Garden Seeds in England before the late Eighteenth Century: II, The Trade in Seeds to 1760', Agricultural History Review, vol 38, 1990, p. 115. 13 Kalm, pp. 189-91, 231-2. 14 Malcolm Thick, The Neat House Gardens, Totnes, 1998, pp. 70-73. 15 Kalm, p. 342. 16 Richard Bradley, The Country Housewife and Lady's Director, intr. Caroline Davidson, 1980. 17 Gervase Markham, The Way to Get Wealth, 1623. 18 Charles Estienne and Jean Liebault, trans Richard Suret, Maison Rustique, or the Country Farm, 1616. 19 Thomas Tussser, Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry, 1573. 20 For example: Edward Kidder, Receipts of Pastry and Cookery, c. 1720; Martha Bradley, The British Housewife, 1756; E. Smith, The Compleat Housewife, 1753. 21 Kalm, p. 187. 22 The books he made use of were probably: Gervase Markham, The English Housewife, 1615; John Murrell, Murrel's Two Books of Cookerie and Carving, 1638; William Rabisha, The Whole Body of Cookery Dissected, 1661; Sir Kenelm Digby, The Closet of the Eminently Learned Sir Kenelm Digby, Kt, Opened, 1669; John Houghton, A Collection for Improvement of Husbandry and Trade, 1692; Richard Bradley, op. cit. 23 Agrarian History of England and Wales, 1989, ed. G.E. Mingay, vol. VI, p. 677; Kalm, (p. 191), said that the normal rate for day-labourers at Little Gaddesden outside harvest was 8d to 10d a day, say 20 shillings a month. 24 Kalm, pp. 194-5. 25 Robin Weir and Caroline Liddell, Recipes from the Dairy, 1998, p. 9. 26 The price of veal increased signicantly the closer one got to London at this time. Ag. Hist. Eng. & Wales, vol. VI, 1989, pp. 193-4, 228. 27 Ag. Hist. Eng. & Wales, vol. VI, 1989, pp. 1510. 28John Quincy, Pharmacopoeia ofcinalis & extemporanea: or, a compleat English dispensatory, 1722. 29 Thomas Dover, The ancient physician's legacy to his country, being what he has collected in forty-nine years practice, 1733. 30 Possibly, H. Boerhaave, Treatise on the Powers of Medicines, 1740. 31 Margaret Pelling, The Common Lot, 1998. (Especially the introduction.) 32 Kalm, p. 221. John, 2nd Duke of Bridgewater died, a young bachelor, in February 1748. 33 Pelling, p. 1.